On March 7, the U.S. House Energy and Commerce committee unanimously voted to approve a bill that would give China’s ByteDance 165 days to divest its ownership of TikTok — or effectively face a U.S. ban.
当地时间3月7日，美国国会众议院能源和商务委员会一致表决通过了一项针对TikTok的法案，其内容要求中国字节跳动公司在165天内剥离对旗下短视频应用程序TikTok的控制权，否则TikTok就会在美国遭到封禁。
The bill, “Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act,” was introduced March 5 by Rep. Mike Gallagher (R-Wisc.) and Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-Ill.). If enacted, the bill would block ByteDance-controlled apps, including TikTok, from being available in Apple or Google app stores or on web hosting services in the U.S., unless such an app “severs ties to entities like ByteDance that are subject to the control of a foreign adversary.” It passed Thursday in the House Energy and Commerce committee in a 50-0 vote.
这项《保护美国人免受外国对手控制应用程序侵害法案》于3月5日由威斯康星州共和党众议员迈克·加拉格尔（Mike Gallagher）和伊利诺伊州民主党众议员拉贾·克里希纳穆尔蒂（Raja Krishnamoorthi）提出。如果生效，该法案将阻止包括TikTok在内由字节跳动控制的应用程序在美国的苹果或谷歌应用商店或网络托管服务平台中可用，除非该应用程序“与像字节跳动这样受外国对手控制的实体断绝联系”。该法案于（上）周四在众议院能源与商务委员会以50-0的投票通过。
TikTok has been a political football for several years, dating back to the Trump administration. The short-form video app, as it has exploded in popularity in the U.S. and elsewhere, has been a target of American lawmakers — on both sides of the aisle — who are concerned over its ties to China and how TikTok handles U.S. users’ data.
TikTok在过去几年已经成为美国的一个政治焦点问题，最早可以追溯到特朗普政府时期。这款短视频应用在美国及其他地区迅速蹿红的同时，也成为了美国两党议员的对象，他们都担心TikTok与中国的联系以及TikTok如何处理美国用户的数据。
Earlier Thursday, TikTok’s app displayed an alert to users in the U.S. urging them to oppose the legislation that said, “Stop a TikTok shutdown” and prompting them to call their congressional representatives with the message, “Let Congress know what TikTok means to you and tell them to vote NO.” That led to a deluge of phone calls to offices on Capitol Hill, per the New York Times, citing social-media posts.
（上）周四早些时候，TikTok的应用向美国用户推送了开屏信息，敦促他们反对该立法，上面写着“制止TikTok关闭”，并提示他们致电他们的国会代表，告诉他们“让国会知道TikTok对你的意义，并告诉他们投票反对”。根据《纽约时报》援引的社交媒体帖子称，这导致了一大波电话打到了国会山的办公室。
In a statement following the House committee vote, TikTok said, “This legislation has a predetermined outcome: a total ban of TikTok in the United States. The government is attempting to strip 170 million Americans of their Constitutional right to free expression. This will damage millions of businesses, deny artists an audience, and destroy the livelihoods of countless creators across the country.”
在众议院委员会投票后发表的声明中，TikTok表示：“这项立法已经有了预先确定的结果：在美国全面禁止TikTok。美国政府企图剥夺1.7亿美国人的宪法言论自由权利。此举将让数百万家企业蒙受损失，使得艺术家失去其受众，并摧毁全国无数创作者的生计。”
The ACLU also blasted the committee vote on the TikTok bill. “We are deeply disappointed that the committee chose to ignore the serious First Amendment concerns raised by civil liberties groups and instead voted to advance this bill,” Jenna Leventoff, senior policy counsel at ACLU, said in a statement. “As the flood of constituent calls to Congress confirms, TikTok is a vital platform for accessing information and expressing ourselves. When this bill comes to the floor for a vote, we urge representatives to stand up for free speech, and vote down this misguided bill.”
美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）也对TikTok法案的委员会投票进行了抨击。“我们对委员会选择无视公民自由团体提出的严重第一修正案问题并投票推进该法案感到深感失望，”ACLU的高级政策顾问詹纳·莱文托夫在一份声明中说道。“正如大量选民给国会的电话所证实的那样，TikTok是一个获取信息和表达自己的重要平台。当这项法案被提交进行投票时，我们敦促代表们捍卫言论自由，并投票反对这个错误的法案。”
In addition to requiring ByteDance to sell TikTok or be banned in the U.S., the bill “creates a process for the President to designate certain, specifically defined social media applications that are subject to the control of a foreign adversary” and “pose a national security risk.” The text of the bill is available at this link.
除了要求字节跳动出售TikTok或在美国被禁止外，该法案“设立了一个程序，让总统指定一些明确定义的社交媒体应用，这些应用受到外国对手的控制”并且“构成国家安全风险”。
TikTok has routinely said that it has never shared, or received a request to share, U.S. user data with the Chinese government (and TikTok says it would not honor such a request if one were ever made). Appearing at a contentious congressional hearing in March 2023, TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew asserted that the app “is not owned or controlled by any government or state entity.” About 60% of ByteDance is owned by “global institutional investors” including Blackrock, General Atlantic, Susquehanna International Group and Sequoia, with 20% owned by the company’s Chinese founders and 20% owned by other employees, according to TikTok.
TikTok曾多次表示，从未与中国政府分享过美国用户数据，也未曾收到此类请求（并且TikTok称，即使收到此类请求也不会予以配合）。在2023年3月一场充满争议的国会听证会上，TikTok首席执行官周受资(Shou Zi Chew)坚称，该应用程序“不属于任何政府或国家实体所有或控制”。据TikTok所述，字节跳动约60%的股份由包括贝莱德(BlackRock)、泛大西洋投资（General Atlantic）、海纳国际集团（Susquehanna International Group）和红杉资本（Sequoia Capital）在内的“全球机构投资者”持有，20%股份归中国创始人所有，另外20%股份则由其他员工持有。
Meanwhile, last year, the U.S. government’s Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS), an interagency group overseeing national security risks that is led by the Treasury Department, similarly demanded that ByteDance’s Chinese owners divest TikTok under the threat of a ban.与此同时，去年，美国财政部下属的外国投资委员会（CFIUS）要求字节跳动的中国所有者在禁令的威胁下剥离TikTok。
Montana last year became the first U.S. state to pass a law banning TikTok. But a federal judge blocked the legislation before it was set to take effect Jan. 1, 2024 — ruling that it “oversteps state power and infringes on the Constitutional rights of users and businesses.”
去年，蒙大拿州成为美国首个通过法律禁止使用TikTok的州。但是在2024年1月1日生效前，一名联邦法官阻止了该立法，裁定该立法“超越了州的权力范围，并侵犯了用户和企业的宪法权利”。
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